Explore microstructures that govern strength, toughness, and corrosion resistance. From grain size and phase balance to martensite, bainite, and precipitation, each image links processing history to performance. Etching contrasts reveal weld HAZ changes, inclusions, and surface damage after wear or pitting. You’ll see how heat treatment, cold work, and alloying elements reshape texture and anisotropy. Practical notes connect microscopy to real decisions in manufacturing and failure analysis. Ideal for students, researchers, and engineers who want clear structure–property insight with publish-ready visuals.